The differences of cultural awareness based on gender, age, race, and region of the students

Fadhilla Yusri(1), Yeni Afrida(2),
(1) Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi  Indonesia
(2) Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi  Indonesia

Corresponding Author
Copyright (c) 2023 Fadhilla Yusri

DOI : https://doi.org/10.24036/02022114119545-0-00

Full Text:    Language : id

Abstract


Objectives: This study was conducted to reveal differences in cultural awareness based on gender, age, ethnicity, and region of origin.

Methods: The research conducted to reveal differences in student cultural awareness based on gender, age, ethnicity, and region of origin is a comparative type. The research sample amounted to 41 people who were selected using the accidental sampling technique. Data was collected by giving the cultural awareness instrument directly to the sample. The research datasets were processed using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results: The results showed that the average cultural awareness score of students was 71.8%, with SD 1.04 being in the medium category. There is no significant difference in student cultural awareness based on gender, age, ethnicity, and region of origin. Differences in gender, age, ethnicity, and region of origin have no impact on the cultural awareness they have. External efforts are needed to increase cultural awareness so that cross-cultural counseling activities can be carried out properly and appropriately.

Conclusion: The mastery of student cultural awareness has an impact on the cross-cultural counseling activities that will be carried out. The results of this study can be used as a guide for teachers in the guidance and counseling study program to consider the treatment that can be given to increase the cultural awareness of students in implementing cross-cultural counseling.


Keywords


Cultural awareness, cross-cultural counseling, gender, age, race, dan region

References


Altugan, A. S. (2015). The relationship between cultural identity and learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186(1), 1159–1162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.161

Annajih, M. Z. H., Fakhriyani, D. V., Sa’idah, I. (2021). Konseling Indigenous: Kajian pada Kepatuhan Masyarakat terhadap Protokol Kesehatan. Edu Consilium: Jurnal BK Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19105/ec.v2i1.4255

Arifin. (2013). Konseling indigenous Berbasis Pesantren. Jurnal Lisan Al- Hal, 5(1), 93–115.

Ariswanti, D. (2009). Konseling Lintas Budaya. Ae Media Grafika.

Azzopardi, C., & McNeill, T. (2016). From cultural competence to cultural consciousness: Transitioning to a critical approach to working across differences in social work. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 25, 282–299. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15313204.2016.1206494

Balasubramaniam N, Kujala S, Ayzit D, Kauppinen M, Heponiemi T, Hietapakka L, K. A. (2018). Designing an E-Learning Application to Facilitate Health Care Professionals’ Cross-Cultural Communication. Stud Health Technol Inform, 247, 196–200.

Beaumont, E. (2016). Gender Justice v. The “Invisible Hand” of Gender Bias in Law and Society. Hypatia, 31(3), 668–686. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12260

Chan, C. D., Cor, D. N., & Band, M. P. (2018). Privilege and oppression in counselor education: An intersectionality framework. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 46(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.12092

Chang, D. F., & Yoon, P. (2011). Ethnic minority clients’ perceptions of the significance of race in cross-racial therapy relationships. Psychotherapy Research, 21(5), 567–582. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2011.592549

Cheung, Y., Shah, S., & Muncer, S. (2002). An exploratory investigation of undergraduate students’ perceptions of cultural awareness. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(12), 543–550. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/030802260206501203

Choi, G., Mallinckrodt, B., & Richardson, J. D. (2015). Effect of international student counselors’ broaching statements about cultural and language differences on participants’ perceptions of counselors. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 43, 25–37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2015.00062.x

Coleman, H. L. K., Morris, D., & Norton, R. A. (2006). Developing multicultural counseling competence through the use of portfolios. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 34, 27–37. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2006.tb00024.x

Colledge, R. (2002). Mastering Counseling Theory. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-62957-8

Constantine, et al. (2015). Developing Cultural awareness. Procedia, Social and Behavioral Science, 191, 696–699. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.228

Davide, C. (2019). State, Nationalism and Globalization. Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, 1(2).

Foulidi, X., Papakitsos, E. C. (2021). Intercultural Counseling with a Gender Perspective and Counseling Skills. Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 9(1), 11–13.

Hawkins, B. P and Zuiker, V. S. (2019). Financial Counselor’s Experience Working With Clients of Color: Lessons of Cultural Awareness. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 30(1), 6–17. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1052-3073.30.1.6

Jalil, A dan Aminah, S. (2018). Social Conflict Resolution Through Empowerment Of Local Wisdoms. Jurnal Yustisia, 11(2), 278–300. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35905/almaiyyah.v11i2.659

Jamin, M. (2020). Social Conflict Resolution Through Empowerment Of Local Wisdoms. Jurnal Yustisia, 9(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v9i1.39430

Jannes, A. (2016). Filsafat Kebudayaan. Pustaka Pelajar.

Joo Hyung-Chul, E. (2011). The Relationship among Social Support, Acculturation Stress and Depression of Chinese Multi-cultural Families in Leisure Participations. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015, 201–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.09.059

Kaihlanen, A. M., et al. (2019). Increasing cultural awareness: qualitative study of nurses’ perceptions about cultural competence training. BMC Nursing, 18(23). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0363-x

Kaukab, M. E. (2020). Cross Cultural Understanding: Literasi Pencegah Gagap Budaya. FBS UNSIQ Wonosobo.

Keith, K. D. (2011). Cross-Cultural: Contemporary Themes and Perspectives. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Koch J. M., Knutson D., Loche L., Loche R. W.III, Lee H. S., F. D. J. (2020). A qualitative inquiry of microaffirmation experiences among culturally diverse graduate students. Current Psychology, 41(5), 2883–2895. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00811-3

Lee, H. S., Knutson, D., & Keyes, C. (2022). The Cross Cultural Practicum Training Experiences of Asian International Counseling Students. The Counseling Psychologist Journal, 50(6). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/00110000221100825

Lestari, I., Mahfud, A., & M. (2020). The Value of Local Wisdom in Developing Indigenous Counseling. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 10(3), 396–403. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v10.i3.202002

Logan S, Steel Z, H. C. (2015). Investigating the effect of anxiety, uncertainty and ethnocentrism on willingness to interact in an intercultural communication. Journal Cross-Cult Psychol, 46(1), 39–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022114555762

Matsumoto. (2008). Pengantar Psikologi Lintas Budaya. Pustaka Pelajar.

Medvide, M. B. (2022). Teaching Cultural Competence and Social Justice in a Mental Health Counseling Graduate Course: Reflection and Review of the Literature. Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology, 14(1), 94–105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33043/JSACP.14.1.94-105

Oluwole-Sangoseni, O., Jenkins-Unterberg, M. (2017). Cultural awareness and Sensitivity of Students in a Physical Therapy Program – A Pilot Survey. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 16(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46743/1540-580X/2018.1668

Pérez-Rojas A. E., G. C. J. (2020). International counseling students: Acculturative stress, cultural distance, and the process of counseling with US clients. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 33(3), 352–274. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2018.1553145

Prasasti, S. (2020). Konseling Indigenous dalam Masa New Normal. Widya Wacana: Jurnal Ilmiah, Widya Waca(2).

Quappes. Cantatoreg. (2005). What is cultural awareness anyway? How do I build it? RetriviedfromCulturosity.com

Rahmawati, Y., Ridwan, A., Chyana, U., W. (2020). The Integration of Ethnopedagogy in Science Learning to Improve Student Engagement and Cultural Awareness. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), 662–671. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080239.

Shen, Z. (2015). Cultural competence models and cultural competence assessment instruments in nursing: a literature review. J Transcult Nurs, 26(3), 308–321. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659614524790

Smith, et al. (2018). Raising Cultural Awareness In Undergraduate Students Throughan Online Pen Pal Program. University of Montana.

Sudarmin, S., et al. (2018). The influence of inquiry learning model on additives theme with ethnoscience content to cultural awareness of students. Journal of Physics: Conf. Ser. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/983/1/012170

Sue, D. W. dan S. D. (2018). Conseling the Culturally Diverse Thoery and Practice. Jhon Wiley & Sons.

Sugiyono. (2011). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Suhada, I. (2016). Ilmu Sosial Budaya Dasar. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Sukmadinata, N. (2006). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Supriatna, M. (2009). Bimbingan Konseling Lintas Budaya. UPI Bandung Press.

Tegeh, IM, D. (2014). Model Penelitian Pengembangan. Graha Ilmu.

Thompkins, D., Galbraith, D., Tompkins, P. (2006). Universalisme, Particularism, and cultural self- awareness: a comparison of American and Turkish university Students. Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies.

Torino, G. C. (2015). Examining biases and white privilege: Classroom teaching strategies that promote cultural competence. Women & Therapy, 38(3–4), 295–307. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2015.1059213

Vacc, N. A., DeVaney, S. B., & Brendel, J. M. (2003). Counseling multicultural and diverse populations: Strategies for practitioners. Brunner-Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203427521

Vines, N. L. D., et al. (2018). Getting Comfortable with Discomfort: Preparing Counselor Trainees to Broach Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural Factors with Clients during Counseling. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling, 40, 89–104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-017-9308-9

Wendt, D. C., & Gone, J. P. (2016). Integrating professional and indigenous therapies: An urban American Indian narrative clinical case study. The Counseling Psychologist, 44(5), 695–729. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000016638741

Wunderle, W. (2006). Through the Lens of Cultural Awareness: A Primer for US Armed Forces Deploying to Arab and Middle Eastern Countries. Combat Studies Institute Press.

Wuryaningrum, R. (2020). Learning Dimensions of Teachers Talk: Knowledge and Value Within Cultural Awareness. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 421. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200323.046

Yusuf, A. (2013). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Kuantitatif dan Penelitian Gabungan. Rineka Cipta.


Article Metrics

 Abstract Views : 291 times
 PDF Downloaded : 108 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Fadhilla Yusri

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.