Syntax is one of the courses taken by students either in the form of online learning using e-learning or face-to-face in the classroom. In online learning using e-learning, syntax is taught using asynchronous and synchronous methods. This study aims to explain which online learning method is more appropriate to use in learning syntax. This research method uses an experimental design. A total of 80 students received syntax learning with the asynchronous method in the first half of the semester and the synchronous method in the second half of the semester. The results of the study showed three things, namely: the average learning outcome with the asynchronous method was 52.79, the average learning outcome with the synchronous method was 63.34, and the results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant difference between learning outcomes using the asynchronous and synchronous methods. The synchronous method is better than the asynchronous method because online learning is carried out directly using the zoom meeting virtual room. Lecturers and students interact directly in the virtual room so that students have the same understanding in understanding and applying the concepts of Syntax learning, both in oral and written communication. Although learning can be carried out, the average student grades still need to be improved. Lecturers need to improve the quality of learning. Meanwhile, students need to improve their motivation, reading interest, and be able to adapt to various forms of learning in various situations

syntax learning; asynchronous method; synchronous method

Abbasi, S., Ayoob, T., Malik, A., & Memon, S. I. (2020). Perceptions of Students Regarding E-Learning During Covid-19 at a Private Medical College. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(COVID19-S4), S57–S61. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2766

Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online Learning Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Students Perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 1(2), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.2020261309

Allam, S. N. S., Hassan, M. S., Mohideen, R. S., Ramlan, A. F., & Kamal, R. M. (2020). Online Distance Learning Readiness During Covid-19 Outbreak Among Undergraduate Students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(5), 642–657. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i5/7236

Hermawan. Daniel. (2021). The Rise of E-Learning in COVID-19 Pandemic in Private University: Challenges and Opportunities. IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 2(1), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v2i1.77

Lestiyanawati, R., & Widyantoro, A. (2020). Strategies and Problems Faced by Indonesian Teachers in Conducting E-Learning System During COVID-19 Outbreak. Journal of Culture, Literature, Linguistic and English Teaching, 2(1), 71–82.

Madhubhashini, G. T. (2021). Challenges and Opportunities of E-learning Via Zoom. Proceeding of the 34th Annual Conference of the Asian Association of Open Universities, II(June), 375–382.

Mulyani, Fidyati, Suryani, Suri, M., & Halimatussakdiah. (2021). University Students’ Perceptions through e-Learning Implementation during Covid-19 Pandemic: Positive or Negative Features Dominate? Studies in English Language and Education, 8(1), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i1.17628

Peimani, N., & Kamalipour, H. (2021). Online education and the covid-19 outbreak: A case study of online teaching during lockdown. Education Sciences, 11(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11020072

Ramadhanti, D., Yanda, D. P., & Yenti, E. (2020). Peran Perpustakaan sebagai Pendukung Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Libraria: Jurnal Perpustakaan, 8(1), 1–30.

Shurygin, V., Berestova, A., Litvinova, T., Kolpak, E., & Nureyeva, A. (2021). Universal Models and Platforms in E-Learning. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(9), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i09.19697

Subedi, S., Nayaju, S., Subedi, S., Shah, S. K., & Shah, J. M. (2020). Impact of E-learning During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Nursing Students and Teachers of Nepal. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, 5(3), 68–76. www.ijshr.com

Sugino, C. (2021). Student Perceptions of a Synchronous Online Cooperative Learning Course in a Japanese Women’s University during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Education Sciences, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11050231

Ubaldo, E. F. (2021). Synchronous Web-Based Collaborative Writing: Attitudes of Learners Toward Working in Pairs and Small Groups. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(3), 935–951. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i3.20079

Wichanpricha, T. (2021). Synchronous Online Learning through Microsoft Teams at Tertiary Level: Academic English Course. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 11(5), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0111

Yang, Y., & Cornelius, L. F. (2019). Students’ Perceptions Towards the Quality of Online Education: A Qualitative Approach. 861–877.