Anti-Mimicry of the Female Characters in Conrad’s Almayer’s Folly

Mugijatna Mugijatna Mugijatna(1), Sri Kusumo Habsari(2), Karunia Purna Kusciati(3),
(1) Universitas Sebelas Maret  Indonesia
(2) Universitas Sebelas Maret  Indonesia
(3) Universitas Sebelas Maret  Indonesia

Corresponding Author
Copyright (c) 2021 Humanus

DOI : https://doi.org/10.24036/humanus.v20i1.112207

Full Text:    Language : en

Abstract


This research focuses on Joseph Conrad’s Almayer’s Folly  to explain the circumstance which leads to the rejection of Mrs. Almayer and Nina Almayer to embrace the dominant race and the reason why these characters choose to remain within ‘Othered’ identity. This study employs Ricoeur’s hermeneutics that applies two steps of reading: distantiation to obtain an objective understanding of the novel and an appropriation through putting the objective understanding of the novel in the socio-cultural context. This study attempts to offer the term “anti-mimicry”, borrowing Bhabha’s term’ to explain the subjectivity of the female character who stand out against the white domination to resist through savage and barbarous manners to mock the dominator, the white. Through the refusal to mimic, Conrad provides a space for Malay women consciousness to develop her subjectivity that could be construed as Conrad’s ambiguous perspective to white superiority in the colonialized era.


Keywords


Conrad, novel, Malay, woman, mimicry

References


Acheraïou, A. (2007). Colonial encounters and cultural contests: Confrontation of Orientalist and Occidentalist discourses in “Karain: A Memory". Conradiana, 39 (2), 153-167.

Babha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. London and New York: Routledge.Chandran

Barker, C. (2005). Cultural Studies, theory and practice. London: Sage Publications.

Brown, R. (2012). The British Empire in India. [Ashbrook Statesmanship Thesis Recipient of the 2010 Charles E. Parton Award]. Retrieved on May 18, 2019, from https://ashbrook.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/2010-Brown.pdf

Calleja, M. A. A. (2003). Joseph Conrad’s heart of darkness as a journey in quest of the self. Odisea (4), 7-16.

Campo, J. N. F. M. A. (2007). Asymmetry, disparity and ciclicity: Charting the piracy conflict in colonial Indonesia. International Journal of Maritim History, Volume XIX (1), pp. 35-62.

Caray, P., Haryadi, S. & Margana, S. (2017). Korupsi dalam silang sejarah Indonesia dari Daendels (1808-1811) sampai era reformasi. Depok: Komunitas Bambu.

Chandran, g., Vengadasamy,R. (2018). Colonialist narrative in a post-colonial era travel writing, into the heart of Borneo. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies

Volume 18 (4), pp. 11-25. Retrived on December 4, 2018 from http://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2018-1804-02.

Conrad, J. (1923). Almayer's folly. New York: Doubleday, Page and Company.

Conrad, J. (2001). An outcast of the island. London: Cambridge Electric Book Company Ltd.

Dryden, L. (2000). Almayer’s folly: When romance collides with reality. Joseph Conrad and the Imperial Romance. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.

Hicks, J. H. (1964). Conrad's Almayer's folly: Structure, theme, and critics. Nineteenth-Century Fiction, Vol. 19 (1) pp. 17-31. Published by: University of California Press.

Lane, C. (1999). Almayer’s defeat: The trauma of colonialism. A Forum Fiction, 32 (3), 401-428.

Lombard, D. (1996). Nusa Jawa: Silang budaya, batas-batas pembaratan I. Trans. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Moore, H. (1990). Paul Ricoeur: Action, meaning and text. In C. Tilley (Ed.), Reading Material Culture: Structuralism, Hermeneutics, and Post-structuralism (pp. 85–120). Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell.

Peters, J.G. (2006). The Cambridge introduction to Joseph Conrad. Cambridge University Press.

Raja, M. A. (2007). Joseph Conrad: The question of racism and representation of Muslim in his Malayan works. Postcolonial Text, 3 (4), 1-13.

Ramin, Z., Roshnavand, F. N. (2017). Mimicry of Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and the formation of resistant slave narrative in Ishmael Reed’s Flight to Canada. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 17(4), 244-257. doi.org/10.17576/gema-2017-1704-16.

Renzaho, MNR, Dhingra, N, and Georgeou, N. (2017). Youth as contested sites of culture: The intergenerational acculturation gap amongst new migrant communities—Parental and young adult perspectives. PLoS One, 12(2), doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170700

Ricoeur, P. (1975). Phenomenology and Hermeneutics. Noûs, 9 (1), A Symposium paper to read at the meeting of the Western Division of American Philosophical Association in Chicago, Illinois, April 24-26, 85-102.

Roberts, A.M. (2000). Conrad and masculinity. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.

Simms, K. (2003). Paul Ricoeur. London and New York: Routledge.

Teng.Hong-Shu (2004). “That legacy of a boatful of pirates” —Conspiracy in Joseph Conrad’s Almayer’s folly and An outcast of the islands. EurAmerica, 34 (4), 555-585.

Turner, J. (2007). The "passion of paternity" fathers and daughters in the works of Joseph Conrad. Conradiana, Volume 39 (3), Fall 2007, pp. 229-247.

Young, V. (1953). Lingard’s folly: The lost subject. The Kenyon Review, 15 (4). 522-539. Retrieved on September 19, 2016 from http://www.jstor.org./stable/4333443


Article Metrics

 Abstract Views : 222 times
 PDF Downloaded : 115 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2021 Humanus

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.