Design of an Expert System for Heart Disease Diagnosis Using Case-Based Reasoning from the Perspective of Expert Knowledge Epistemology
), Refdinal Refdinal(2), Rijal Abdulah(3), Jonni Mardizal(4), (1) Institut Teknologi Mitra Gama
Indonesia
(2) Universitas Negeri Padang
Indonesia
(3) Universitas Negeri Padang
Indonesia
(4) Universitas Negeri Padang
Indonesia
Corresponding Author
DOI : https://doi.org/10.24036/voteteknika.v14i1.137251
Abstract
Expert systems are widely used as decision support tools in healthcare, particularly for heart disease diagnosis, which involves complex symptom patterns and high uncertainty. This study develops a heart disease diagnostic expert system based on Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) and examines the system from an epistemological perspective. Expert knowledge was acquired from a cardiology specialist and formalized into a structured case base consisting of symptoms, weighted parameters, and diagnostic outcomes. The inference mechanism follows the retrieve–reuse–revise–retain cycle, with case similarity computed using the Nearest Neighbor method. The results show that the proposed system is able to generate initial diagnostic recommendations by identifying the most similar previous cases in a transparent and systematic manner. From an epistemological standpoint, the system represents empirical and experience-based medical knowledge that is computationally formalized, where diagnostic conclusions are probabilistic rather than definitive. The system’s epistemic limitations are mainly related to its dependence on the completeness and quality of the case base and its inability to fully capture clinical intuition and causal reasoning. Nevertheless, the CBR-based approach enhances transparency and accountability, as the reasoning process can be traced through matched symptoms, assigned weights, and similarity values. Overall, the expert system functions as a reliable decision support tool that integrates intelligent system techniques with applied epistemology to support rational and explainable medical decision-making.
Keywords— expert system, case-based reasoning, heart disease diagnosis, epistemology, decision support system.
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