Defamiliarisasi Trauma Sejarah dalam Puisi “Ballada Mawar Putih”: Kesastraan, Citraan Kemaritiman, dan Bentuk Puitik

Abstract

This study examines “Ballada Mawar Putih,” a poem from Yoseph Yapi Taum’s Ballada Arakian, to explain how poetic form defamiliarizes historical trauma within the framework of Russian Formalism. Historical trauma serves as a thematic and referential context for examining representations of political discrimination and violence associated with 1965 and 1998, rather than as a psychological category. The study employs qualitative textual analysis through close reading and systematic note-taking, drawing on Shklovsky’s defamiliarization and Jakobson’s poetic function and principle of equivalence. The analysis identifies lexical patterns, local sound correspondences, semantic deviations, repetition, syntactic parallelism, and stanza composition, then examines their relationships with historical references. The findings show that the maritime lexical network organizes changing relations of power through the recurring figures of the sailor, captain, ship, deck, and sea. Defamiliarization operates through shifts between semantic fields: genealogical discrimination becomes the deprivation of sunlight, while sexual violence is conveyed through the interweaving of floral and bodily imagery. Repetition and conditional parallelism connect these configurations, while temporal compression and deferred historical identification organize the poem’s references to 1965 and 1998. These devices create textual conditions for interrupting habitual recognition and renewing attention to historical violence; their effects on actual readers remain beyond the study’s scope. The study contributes a formalist reading of Indonesian historical poetry that explains how poetic devices mediate historical trauma while preserving the specificity of literary form.