EXPRESSIVE SKILL OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM: A PSYCHOLINGUISTICS STUDY
), Djatmika Djatmika(2), Sumarlam Sumarlam(3), (1) Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Indonesia
(2) Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Indonesia
(3) Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta
Indonesia
Corresponding Author
Copyright (c) 2019 Humanus
DOI : https://doi.org/10.24036/humanus.v18i1.104084
Full Text:
Language : Ind
Abstract
The expressive skill is a verbal language skill to interact with other people. The ability of children with autism to express ideas in their mind can indicate that their receptive ability works effectively. The purpose of this research was to study types of utterances the children can produce. Data in the forms of utterances produced by the children as responses to initiating acts performed by their teachers were collected. Data were then analysed to classify them in accordance to the process the utterances were produced. The results show that the children’ skills in executing utterances are classified into four types of processes, i.e. word imitating (subtest CELF-R); imitating, producing word, arranging word (subtest CELF-3); expressing word, producing word, imitating word (subtest CELF-4); and continuing and mentioning word.
Keywords: children, autism, utterance process, expresive skill
KEMAMPUAN EKSPRESIF ANAK AUTISME: SEBUAH KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK
Abstrak
Kemampuan ekspresif adalah kemampuan bahasa secara verbal untuk saling berinteraksi. Anak autisme yang mampu dalam kemampuan ekspresif menandakan bahwa kemampuan reseptifnya sudah bekerja efektif. Tujuan penelitian adalah menjelaskan proses ujaran dari kemampuan ekspresif anak autisme. Data dalam bentuk tuturan yang dihasilkan anak autisme sebagai respons terhadap tuturan pemancing yang dilontarkan guru dikumpulkan dengan cara direkam dan ditranskripsi. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis untuk diklasifikasikan sesuai dengan jenis proses tuturan tersebut dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tuturan yang dihasilkan para anak autisme itu dapat diklasifikasikan dalam empat jenis proses produksi, yaitu menirukan kata (subtest CELF-R); menirukan, membuat kata, menyusun kata (subtest CELF-3); mengungkapkan kata, membuat kata, menirukan kata (subtest CELF-4); dan melanjutkan dan menyebutkan kata.
Kata kunci: anak, autisme, proses ujaran, kemampuan ekspresifKeywords
References
Amral, S. (2015). Peran pengasuh (orang tua) dalam mengatasi keterlambatan produksi berbahasa Anak-anak penderita hiperautis (Studi etnografi linguistik pada Valian siswa penderita hiperautis di Kota Jambi). Tarbawiyah, 12(01), 19–40.
Cahyanti, M. N., Hitipeuw, I., & Huda, A. (2014). Peningkatan kemampuan berbahasa ekspresif dan reseptif anak autis dengan menggunakan pendekatan ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis). Jurnal P3LB, 1(2), 125–129.
Della, P. O. (2014). Penerapan metode komunikasi non verbal yang dilakukan guru pada Anak-anak autis di Yayasan Pelita Bunda Therapy Center Samarinda. Ejournal Ilmu Komunikasi, 2(4), 114–128.
Duli, E. O. (2015). Komunikasi nonverbal anak autis di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) Pembina Provinsi Kalimantan Timur di Kota Samarinda. Ejournal Ilmu Komunikasi, 3(2), 311–321.
Fatmawati, S. R. (2015). Pemerolehan bahasa pertama anak menurut tinjauan psikolinguistik. Jurnal Lentera, 18(1), 63–75.
Gibson, T. A., Oller, D. K., Jarmulowicz, L., & Ethington, C. A. (2012). The receptive-expressive gap in the vocabulary of young second-language learners: robustness and possible mechanisms. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 15(1), 102–116. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728910000490
Justice, L. M., Mashburn, A., Pence, Khara, L., & Wiggins, A. (2008). Experimental evaluation of a preschool language curriculum: influence on Children’s expressive language skills. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 51(4), 983–1001.
Maljaars, J., Noens, I., Scholte, E., & Berckelaer-Onnes, I. Van. (2012). Language in low-functioning Children with autistic disorder: differences between receptive and expressive skills and concurrent predictors of language. Springer, 42, 2181–2191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1476-1
Martina. (2014). Hambatan berbahasa anak berkebutuhan khusus di Bina Anak Bangsa Pontianak. Kandai, 10(1), 28–40.
McDaniel, J., Yoder, P., Woynaroski, T., & Watson, L. R. (2018). Predicting receptive–expressive vocabulary discrepancies in preschool Children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 61, 1426–1439. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-17-0101
Ramsden, Gina Conti., Clair, Michelle C. St., Pickles, Andrew., Durkin, K. (2012). Developmental trajectories of verbal and nonverbal skills in individuals with a history of specific language impairment: from childhood to adolescence. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 55, 1716–1735. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2012/10-0182)
Santosa, R. (2017). Metode penelitian kualitatif kebahasaan (1st ed.; M. H. Dr. Dwi Purnanto, ed.). Surakarta: UNS Press.
Tarigan, H. G. (2008). Menyimak sebagai suatu keterampilan berbahasa (Revisi). Bandung: Angkasa.
Triyudha, A. (2018). Tren penderita autisme meningkat. Retrieved from http://www.harnas.co/2018/04/01/tren-penderita-autisme-meningkat
Yuwono, J. (2012). Memahami anak autistik (Kajian Teoretik dan Empirik). Bandung: Alfabeta.
Article Metrics
Abstract Views : 1507 times
PDF Downloaded : 497 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Humanus
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
