Pengaruh Gaya Pengasuhan Autonomy dan Conformity Terhadap Perolehan Theory-of-Mind pada Anak Prasekolah di Sumatera Barat

Devi Rusli

doi:10.24036/rapun.v11i2.110496

Pengaruh Gaya Pengasuhan Autonomy dan Conformity Terhadap Perolehan Theory-of-Mind pada Anak Prasekolah di Sumatera Barat

Devi Rusli⁽¹⁾,
(1) Universitas Negeri Padang

Indonesia

Corresponding Author
Copyright (c) 2020 Devi Rusli

DOI : https://doi.org/10.24036/rapun.v11i2.110496

Full Text:

Language : Ind

Abstract

Kasus bulliying (perundungan) kian marak terjadi pada anak-anak, hal ini menunjukkan kompetensi sosial anak dalam berempati (merasakan apa yang dirasakan orang lain) semakin rendah.Empati berhubungan dengan kemampuan anak memahami keadaaan mental orang lain (theory of mind) seperti pikiran, perasaan, motivasi orang lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan ToM anak, gambaran pengasuhan anak dan menguji apakah gaya pengasuhan orangtua mempengaruhi perolehan ToM pada anak prasekolah. Perolehan ToM diukur dengan menggunakan skala ToM yang dikembangkan oleh Wellman dan Liu yang telah diadaptasi oleh Kuntoro, dkk, dan gaya pengasuhan orangtua diukur dengan skala Vinden yang telah dimodifikasi oleh O’Reily dan Peterson. Skala ToM diberikan pada 125 anak (56 laki-laki, 69 perempuan), usia 3-5 tahun/36-71 bulan (M = 58.91, SD = 8.190), dan kuesioner pengasuhan diisi oleh orangtua masing-masing anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa urutan perkembangan ToM anak prasekolah di Sumatera Barat sama dengan ToM anak-anak di negara barat. Gaya pengasuhan orangtua juga sama dengan anak-anak di negara barat (autonomy). Gaya pengasuhan (autonomy dan conformity) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap perolehan ToM, dengan R²= .015, p > 0.05. Namun gaya pengasuhan conformity berpengaruh secara negatif terhadap perolehan konsep knowledge acces (KA) (β = -0.142, p < 0.05), sedangkan gaya pengasuhan autonomy tidak berpengaruh terhadap perolehan kelima konsep ToM.

Keywords

Kata kunci : Gaya Pengasuhan, Autonomy, Conformity, Theory-of-Mind, Prasekolah

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