PEMBELAJARAN IPA BERBASIS PENGAMATAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN ILMIAH DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS

Abstract

Abstrak

IPA, adalah ilmu yang lahir dan berkembang yang bermula dari per- masalahan yang dihadapi manusia dalam berinteraksi dengan benda-benda dan fenomena di alam, diselidiki melalui kegiatan observasi dan eksperimen, sehingga melahirkan konsep-konsep yang akan memperkaya khasanah IPA secara terus menerus. Implikasinya pembelajaran IPA yang dilaksanakan di sekolah haruslah berbasis pengamatan, baik secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung, dan pendekatan pembelajaran utama adalah pendekatan ilmiah (scientific approach). Telah dilakukan beberapa penelitian yaitu menerapkan pembelajaran IPA ber- basis pengamatan gejala melalui pemanfaatan alat dan bahan sederhana sehari- hari, dikembangkan dan diuji cobakan bahan ajar berbasis kegiatan laboratorium (demontrasi dan eksperimen) serta bahan ajar terintegrasi virtual laboratory dalam pembelajaran Fisika pada SMA Negeri di kota Padang. Melalui penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan bahan ajar yang telah memenuhi validitas, praktikalitas, dan efektivitasnya, diperoleh hasil penelitian bahwa pem- belajaran IPA berbasis kegiatan laboratorium dengan menerapkan pendekatan ilmiah dalam bentuk strategi inkuiri terbimbing dapat: a) meningkatkan kemauan siswa untuk bertanya dan menanggapi pertanyaan guru dalam pembelajaran di kelas; b) meningkatkan kompetensi ilmiah siswa yang mencakup aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor.

Kata kunci: Pembelajaran IPA, observasi, kegiatan laboratorium, pendekatan ilmiah, kompetensi ilmiah

Abstract

Natural science was born and develop based on the problems that faced by human beings in interacting with things and natural phenomena, it was explored through observations and experiments which later created the concepts that will enrich natural science’s treasury continuously. The implication is that the natural science that is implemented in schools should be observation based, whether it is direct or indirect, and the main approach is scientific approach. There were some researchers conducted, which are implementing natural science based on the observation of the symptoms through the utilization of daily tools and materials, developed and tested teaching materials based on laboratory activities (demonstrations and experiments) and integrated virtual laboratory teaching materials in learning physics in senior high schools in Padang. Through quasi experiment research by using teaching materials that has met the validity, practicality, and its effectiveness, it is concluded that laboratory based natural science learning by implementing scientific approach in the form of guided inquiry strategy can: a) increasing students’ willingness to ask and respond teacher’s questions in class learning; b) increasing students’ scientific competences including the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects.

Keywords : Natural Science learning, observation, laboratory activity, scientific approach, scientific competence