Metaphor and Meaning in Goenawan Mohamad’s Surat Cinta: A Semiotic-Pragmatic Approach

Abstract

This study investigates the pragmatic functions of metaphors in Goenawan Mohamad’s poetry, with a particular focus on Surat Cinta, to elucidate how metaphors convey profound meanings and nuanced emotions. Utilizing an eclectic methodology that combines semiotic-pragmatic and stylistic approaches, this research examines the interplay between linguistic elements and poetic expression. The theoretical framework is grounded in Jakobson’s poetic function theory, Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory, and Peircean semiotics, all of which facilitate an analysis of how metaphor functions as both a cognitive and symbolic device. The study employs library research methods, selecting Surat Cinta for its rich metaphorical structure and auditory features that exemplify Mohamad’s poetic style. The findings underscore the deliberate and creative use of metaphor as a defining characteristic of his poetry, often incorporating personification and extended metaphor to indirectly present abstract concepts. This indirectness engages readers in an interpretative process, fostering a deeper connection with the text. Additionally, an analysis of sound style reveals the poet’s use of rhyme, alliteration, and rhythmic variations, which enhance musicality and reinforce metaphorical meaning. Surat Cinta is recognized as one of the most popular love poems in Indonesia. This research contributes to a broader understanding of how poetic form influences meaning in Indonesian literature, demonstrating that metaphor and sound patterns collaboratively shape poetic interpretation. By integrating semiotic and pragmatic perspectives, this study emphasizes the interdependence of form and content, positioning Mohamad’s poetry as a notable synthesis of linguistic artistry and thematic depth.