Social Elements that Causing Trauma to The Characters in The Nickel Boys (2019) by Colson Whitehead
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(1) Universitas Negeri Padang 
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(2) Universitas Negeri Padang 
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Copyright (c) 2023 Sisla Rahmi
DOI : https://doi.org/10.24036/ell.v12i2.121914
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Abstract
This thesis is used psychoanalysis theory from the novel entitled The Nickel Boys by Colson Whitehead (2019) this thesis focus on what factors or elements causes trauma to the characters in The Nickel Boys (2019) by Colson Whitehead. The analysis is used psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud. This thesis also find the defense mechanism the characters used to deal with trauma caused by social elements.
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References
Cloninger, S. C. (2004). Theory of personality Understanding Person Fourth Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall.
Figley, C. R. (2012). Encyclopedia of Trauma. New Delhi: SAGE PublicHopskin,
Whitehead, C. (2019). The Nickel Boys. New York: Doubleday.
Legaby, A. (2010). Urban Segregationa and Urban Form . Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
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