INDUKSI POLIPLOID TANAMAN ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) DENGAN MUTAGEN KOLKHISIN

Abstract

Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is one of the herbal plants and cultivated plants that are in demand by the public because it has many benefits. Rosella production in Indonesia is still low compared to other agrarian countries. Poliploid induction is one way to increase the production of a plant and has been widely applied in crop plants. Poliploid induction of rosella plant does not do yet. This study aims to determine the concentration of kolkhisin and the effective of soaking time to induce rosella plants as well as the influence of induction of rosella plant to vegetative growth. This study was conducted from June 2010 until March 2011, at the Laboratory of Genetics Department of Biology, The green house of Biology Department of State University of Padang and the Laboratory of Genetics Department of Biological Science of Andalas University. Rosella sprouts induced by kolkhisin with several concentration 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075%  combined with immersion time are 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 minutes with the experimental method. The results showed that the concentration of 0.075% with soaking hour of 4 hours showed the percentage of root tip swelling (indicative poliploid) are 86% and no root tip necrosis. Chromosome preparations of swollen root tip cells showed increased cell size and number of chromosomes. Measurements of several morphological characters of plants for 4 weeks showed that the length of poliploid plant is shorter than diploid plants. In contrast, the stem diameter of poliploid plant is larger than diploid plants. Student t test at level 5% showed a significant difference of plant length and stem diameter between poliploid and diploid plants.

Keyword: Induction, poliploid, rosella, mutagen, kolkhisin